Recorder Fingering Chart

The main difference lies in the fingering for F natural and F#:

• Baroque (English) System: F natural requires a "forked" fingering (thumb + holes 1,2,3,5 closed; 4,6,7 open), while F# is straightforward. This system offers better intonation across all keys and is preferred by serious players.
• German System: F natural is simpler (thumb + holes 1–5 closed), making it easier for beginners in F major. However, F# requires forked fingering, which can affect intonation in sharp keys.

Recommendation: Most teachers recommend the Baroque system for its superior overall intonation and versatility.

Check the hole sizes on the front of your recorder:

• Baroque: Hole 4 is noticeably smaller than hole 5. Holes 6 and 7 are usually double holes (two small holes side by side).
• German: Hole 4 is larger than hole 5 (or about the same size). Double holes may or may not be present.

Another quick test: Try playing F natural. If it's easy with a simple fingering (thumb + 1–5), it's likely German. If you need a forked fingering, it's Baroque.

Double holes are two small holes placed close together at the positions of holes 6 and 7 (near the bottom of the recorder). They allow players to produce semitones (sharps/flats) more accurately by covering one or both of the small holes. This is a hallmark of the Baroque recorder design and significantly improves chromatic intonation.

When a fingering requires hole 6 or 7 to be fully covered, both small holes of that pair should be completely sealed by your finger.

Half-holing (also called "pinching" or "rolling") the thumb hole is a technique used to play notes in the second octave and above. Instead of fully covering the thumb hole, you partially uncover it by rolling your thumb slightly downward or sideways. This creates a small opening that encourages the air column to jump to the next harmonic, producing a higher note.

Mastering the thumb pinch is essential for clean, in-tune high notes. The exact amount of opening varies by note and recorder model—experiment to find the sweet spot!

Common causes of squeaky or out-of-tune notes include:

• Leaky fingers: Not covering holes completely—check that your finger pads fully seal each hole.
• Incorrect breath pressure: Too much or too little air can push the note sharp or flat. Higher notes generally need slightly faster, focused air.
• Wrong fingering system: Using Baroque fingerings on a German recorder (or vice versa) causes serious tuning issues, especially on F and F#.
• Moisture buildup: Condensation in the windway can cause warbling. Warm the head joint and blow out excess moisture regularly.
• Tonguing too hard: A harsh "t" attack can cause squeaks. Use a gentle "d" or "t" articulation.

Regular practice with a tuner helps develop consistent breath control and finger placement.

Yes! The recorder is a fully chromatic instrument. While it's often introduced as a simple diatonic instrument for beginners, skilled players can perform in any key. Chromatic notes are achieved through:

• Forked fingerings (cross-fingerings)
• Half-holing techniques
• Partial covering of double holes
• Alternate fingerings for trills and fast passages

The Baroque recorder, with its double holes and carefully designed bore, handles chromatic playing particularly well—making it suitable for classical repertoire from the Renaissance through contemporary music.